Petroleum Coke

Petroleum coke has high calorific value (34.8 Mega Joules/kg). A high-temperature kiln, often fueled by petroleum coke, heats the raw materials to a partial melt at 1450°C, transforming them chemically and physically into a substance known as clinker.

Coal

Coal is primarily used as a solid fuel to produce electricity and heat through combustion. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements; chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Bituminous coals make the best coke and are in any case the most common, and these are most often used in the cement industry, although steam coals are occasionally used.